Project Resources
Sites
http://www.berliner-mikroskopische-gesellschaft.de/html/linkliste.html
Linklist of the Berlin microscopic society, including individual scientists' and amateur sites a well as companies, societies, laboratories and historical information.
http://www.mikroskopie.de/Div/Links.htm
This site leads to several links and discussion forums. (English and German)
www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ms/resources/anatomy/ambi/microsc.html
Medicine Dept of Keele University: This page provides links to useful professional, amateur and commercial Microscopy and related web sites as to associated techniquesas tissue preparation, fixation, sectioning, staining and visualising.
http://www.icmm.csic.es/Fagullo/w3micros.htm
This Site of the Spanish Institute for Material Science has many links to international sites.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/resources/history.html
Commented Linklist on the history of microscopy.
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/index.html
The site calls itself a resource for microscope enthusiasts, including a monthly online magazin Micscape and the Micropolitan Museum with microscopic art forms.
Historical Sites:
http://www.arsmachina.com/micromenu.htm
This site on antique scientific instruments has bright fotos of machines as well as features on microscopes.
http://www.mikroskop-museum.de/
On the history of the microscope and some of its curiosities (in German).
http://www.musoptin.com/mikro1.html
This virtual museum presents German and French Microscopes of three centuries, detailed pictures and research.
http://golubcollection.berkeley.edu/
The Golub Collection consists of historical microscopes of three centuries. The site also has a small bibliography.
http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/whipple/explore/microscopes/faradaysslide/
The Whipple Museum features a site on microscopes, including articles on a historical slide used by Michael Faraday in a lecture of on Darwin's microscopes
http://www.sammlungen.hu-berlin.de/objekt-des-monats/2007/9/
The Helmholtz Centre features a historical slide as object of the month 2007.
Sources, Readings
Remark: The documents with an leading icon are downloadable. If you wish to have access to the full text of other documents, please contact the Project Coordination: Hanna-Lotte Lund
Primary sources
Lionel S Beale, 1854. The Microscope, and its Application to ClinicalMedicine. London: Highley.
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V1_Beale,1854.pdf | Lionel S Beale, 1854 | 2008-08-31 12:06 |
Professor John Balfour, 1860, The botanist's companion, or, Directions for the use of the microscope and for the collection and preservation of plants : with a glossary of botanical terms, Edinburgh : A. and C. Black.
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V2_Balfour, 1860.pdf | Professor John Balfour, 1860 | 2008-08-31 12:05 |
Lionel S. Beale, 1880, How to work with the microscope, London : Harrison: Philadelphia : Lindsay and Blakiston, 5th ed.
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V2_Beale 1880.pdf | Lionel S. Beale, 1880 | 2017-01-03 11:25 |
Simon Flexner and James Thomas Flexner , 1938, William Henry Welch and the Heroic Age of American Medicine,, New York, Dover Publications , pp. 82-85 ( on uses of slide collections in pathology).
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V1_Flexner, 1938.pdf | Simon Flexner and James Thomas Flexner , 1938 | 2008-08-31 12:07 |
Techniques
Gilbert Morgan Smith, 1915, The development of botanical microtechnique, Trans Amer Micro Soc 34 ,71-129.
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V1_Smith, technique1915.pdf | Gilbert Morgan Smith, 1915 | 2008-08-31 12:07 |
F B Mallory, 1938, Pathological technique, Philadelphia: Saunders.
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V1_Malory1938.pdf | F B Mallory, 1938 | 2008-08-31 12:08 |
G. Clark & F. H. Kasten 1983, History of Staining. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 3ed 1983.
Clark, Kasten, stain83
R. Garner and C.V. Morie, 1984, "The conservation and preparation of microscopic slides of mosses", Studies in Conservation, 29 (2): 93-99.
Garner, slides84
Brian Bracegirdle, 1986, A history of microtechnique : the evolution of the microtome and the development of tissue preparation , (2nd ed.) Lincolnwood, IL : Science Heritage Ltd.
Bricegridle86 part 1,
Bricegridle86 part 2,
Bricegridle86 part 3
Microscopes
James H. Cassedy, 1976,"The microscope in American medical science", Isis, 67(1), 76-97.
Emily Pawley, 2001,“The many ‘odd things,’ which a microscopist delights to own:”Aspects of Nineteenth-Century Popular Microscopy". (Unpublished text)
Pawley, microscope01
Christoph Hoffman and Jutta Schickore, 2001,"Secondary matters: On disturbances, contamination and waste as objects of research", Perspectives on Science, 9(2): 123-125.
Hoffman, waste01
Stephan Jacyna, 2003, "Moral fibre: The negotiation of microscope fact in Victorian Britain", Journal of History of Biology, 36: 39-85.
Jacyna, moral03
Jutta Schickore, 2003, "Cheese mites and other delicacies : the introduction of test objects into microscopy", Endeavour Vol. 27, (3) : 134-138.
Schickore, mites03
Jutta Schickore, 2003, “The ‘Philosophical Grasp of the Appearances’ and Experimental Microscopy: Johannes Müller’s Microscopical Research,” 1824-1832, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biology and Biomedical Sciences 2003, 34, 569-592.
Schickore, muller03
Ann La Berge, 2004, "Debate as scientific practice in nineteenth century Paris: The controversy over the microoscope", Perspectives on Science, 12(4): 424-453.
LaBerge, microscop04
Jutta Schickore, 2005, "“ Through thousands of errors we reach the truth" but how? On the epistemic roles of error in scientific practice" , Studies in the History and Philosphy of
Science, 36: 539-556.
Schickore, error05
Preparations
Owen G. Harry, 1984, "The Hon. Mrs. Ward and "A windfall for the microscope" of 1856 and 1854", Annals of Science 41: 471-482.
Harry, windfall84
Stephan Jacyna, 2001, “"A Host of Experienced Microscopists": The Establishment of Histology in Nineteenth-Century Edinburgh.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 75: 225-253.
Jacyna, histology01
Hans Joerg Rheinberger, 2004, "Preparations - ‘Representations’ of Themselves " English version of Epistemologica: Präparate", unpublished .
Rheinberger, preparations, Eng04
Hans-Joerg Rheinberger, 2005, "Epistemologica: Präparate". In: Dingwelten. Das Museum als Erkenntnisort. Hrsg. von Anke te Heesen und Petra Lutz. Böhlau, Köln-Weimar-Wien, pp. 65-75.
Rheinberger. prep05
Heini Hakasolo, 2005, "The brain under the knife: serial secionning and the development of late nineteenth century neuroanatomy", Studies in the History and Philosphy of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, 37:172-202.
Cells and tissues
Graeme N. Gooday, 1997. "Instrumentation and Interpretation: Managing and Representing the Working Environment of Victorian Experimental Science", in Bernard Lightman, (ed.), Victorian Science in Context. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 409-437.
Gooday, experiment.97
Nick Hopwood, 1999, "‘Giving body’ to embryos: Modeling, mechanism and the
microtome in late nineteenth-century anatomy. Isis, 90: 462-96.
Hopwood, embryos99
Ohad Parnes, 2000, “The Envisioning of Cells.” Science in Context 13: 71-92.
Parnes, cells00
Hannah Landecker, 2002, "New times for biology: nerve cultures and the advent of cellular life in vitro", Studies in History and Philosoph of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, 33: 667-694.
Landecker, nerve02
Andrew Mendelsohn, 2003, "Lives of the cell", Journal of History of Biology, 36:1-37.
Mendelsohn, cell04
Hans-Joerg Rheinberger, 2006, 'In vitro", unpublished text;
Rheinberger, in vitro06
Nick Hopwood, 2007, "Artist versus Anatomist, Models against Dissection:
Paul Zeiller of Munich and the Revolution of 1848", Medical History, in press.
Microphotography
Thomas Schlich, 1995, "Wichtiger als des genestand selbst": Die Bedeutung des fotographishen bilden in der Begründung der bakteriologischen Krankheitsauffassung durch Robert Koch", in Neue Wege in der Seuchengeschichte, Martin Dinges & Thomas Schlich (eds.), Franz Steiner: Sttugart, pp. 143-174.
Schlich, Koch95
Olaf Breidbach, 2002, "Representation of the microcosm-The claim for objectivity in 19th century scientific microphotography", Journal of the History of Biology, 35:221-250.
Breitbach, microphotography02
Hannah Landecker, 2005, "Cellular fratures: Microcinematography and cell theory", Critical Inquiry 31:903-937.
Landecker, film05
Hannah Landecker, 2006, "Microcinematogrhapy and history of science and film", Isis, 97:121-132.
Landecker, microcine06
Visual cultures
Silke Wenk, 1999, Zeigen und Schweigen. Der kunsthistorische Diskurs und die Diaprojektion. In: Konfigurationen. Zwischen Kunst und Medien, hrsg. von Sigrid Schade u. Georg Christoph Tholen, München, 292-305.
Wenk, diapo99
Bernard Lightman, 2000, “The Visual Theology of Victorian Popularizers of Science. From Reverent Eye to Chemical Retina.” Isis, 91: 651-680.
Lightman, visual00
Robert S. Nelson, 2000, The Slide Lecture, or the Work of Art „History“ in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In: Critical Inquiry 26(3): 414-434.
Nelson, slides00
Ivan Morus, 2006, "Seeing and Believing Science," Isis, 97(1): 101-110.
Morus, latern06
Anke te Heesen, 2005, Verkehrsformen der Objekte. In: Anke te Heesen and Petra Lutz: Dingwelten. Das Museum als Erkenntnisort. Weimar und Wien, pp. 53-64.
te Hessen, objects05